The sculls found in Dmanisi region (Georgia) and thoroughly studied in France proved that the first European came from this territory 1 million 700 thousand years ago. This fact is accepted and acknowledged by the scholars and scientists all over the world.
People which dwelled on the area are now called Georgians, although the original name of Georgia is Sakartvelo and that of Georgian Kartveli. Russians call the country Gruzia, and the people Gruzini; Turks call the country, Gjurdjistan, people, Gjurdji.

Georgia has a very favorable geographic location. Mild Subtropical climate, natural resources, glorious mountains, sunny sea side makes Georgia a very attractive tourist site. One can ski in the mountains and then swim in the Sea at the same day in Georgia. Iron ore and coal, copper and manganese are mined, oil is extracted and marble quarried. There are numerous curative mineral springs the gushing rivers represent a huge hydro-electric potential, and the Landscape, amazing in its diversity, is yet another valuable asset. There are the palms, eucalyptuses and liana-entwined jungle of Colchis, the snowy mountain peaks; pine-and beech-clad slopes of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus ranges; the steppes of the Yori Plateau covered with beard grass; the orchards of Kartli and the world-famous vineyards of Kakheti; the Imereti and Samegrelo, and the alpine pastures of the upland regions of Svaneti, Tusheti and Khevsureti.

Mountains and plateau cover four-fifths of Georgia's territory. Ridges of mountains divide the country into regions, each of which have a distinctive landscape and microclimate, and characteristic architecture, costume, folklore, traditions and customs. Archaeologists and historians have established that Georgia was one of the regions which saw the emergence and development of primitive man and the origins of civilization. Stone implements fashioned during the Paleolithic Age, have been found here. The people of Georgia were amongst the first in the Caucasus to master the melting and casting of metals, first copper and bronze, then, as early as the 9th - 7th centuries BC. During the Bronze Age large tribal confederations were formed here, the basis for the first Georgian states, Colchis (6th century B.C.) in Western Georgia Kartli of Iberia (4th century B.C.) in the east. The tradition of the unified state was persevered in subsequent centuries, all through the Middle Ages, with old cities formed in the Hellenistic period continuing to grow, and new centers of culture appearing - Mtskheta, Uplistsikhe, Vani, Gori, Shorapani and others. Even before 337, when Christianity was made the official religion in the Kingdom of Kartli (and subsequently in the entire territory of Georgia), an alphabet had been developed and a written language had appeared. Georgia's path through the centuries and the millennia was arduous and troubled. Like a magnet its lands attracted hordes of conquerors. The Georgians had to fight for their independence and it survived.

The Georgian Script is one of the fourteen alphabets in the world today. It appears in two versions: the first being the ancient one which was used mainly by priests and the second, used by the common people.

The oldest specimen has been preserved since the fifth century. Then came a few alterations but since the eleventh century the Mkhedruli script has remained the same and is now the only form of modern Georgian writing. It is interesting that Greek writers considered the natives of western Georgia to be literate people. According to Georgian historical sources, Georgian literacy was the achievement of King Parnavazi who lived in the third century B.C. The oldest known inscriptions in the Georgian scripts are from the Judean Desert in Israel and date from circa AD 433 and from the church in Bolnisi, AD 493. The oldest Georgian manuscript, which dates from AD 864, is in St Catherine's Monastery, in the Sinai Desert. The oldest specimen of Georgian literature is "The Martyrdom of Shushanik," by Iacob Khutsesi. Georgian is a difficult language to learn. It uses distinctive word formations with morphemes and a complete set of rules governs its verbs. Foreigners find difficulty coping with the tongue-twisting cluster of consonants that are present with dazzling variety (as it was mentioned there are some linguistic similarities between Georgian and Basque languages and the scholars are studying possible relation of the peoples and languages).

The fact that the Georgian language has endured throughout this country's turbulent history is perhaps the greatest single factor in the survival of the Georgians as a nation.